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Implementation of measures
The WFD requires an assessment of the significant pressures in a river basin, and where a water body is not in good status, a targeted Program of Measures (PoMs) needs to be developed. The first RBMPs already contained many kinds of measures. The types of measures frequently reported by Member States were construction or upgrade of urban waste water treatment plants, encouraging best practice measures in agriculture to reduce nutrient pollution, implementing measures to improve river continuity and habitat quality, ensuring adequate drinking water protection, as well as research projects to improve the knowledge base and reduce uncertainty (EC, 2015[2]).
In December 2012, Member States reported on their progress in implementing the PoMs from the first RBMPs. Already in 2012, the challenge of fully implementing all measures was obvious, as only around a quarter were reported as completed. In 2012, the implementation of most measures (66 % of basic and 54 % of supplementary measures) was still ongoing, while the implementation of other measures had not even started (11 % and 17 % for basic and supplementary measures, respectively).
The interim progress report of Member States on the PoM in 2012 indicated that in the majority of RBDs, basic measures would not be sufficient to tackle these key pressures and supplementary measures would need to be taken. Especially supplementary measures have been reported as necessary to tackle the main pressures on EU water bodies, namely diffuse pollution from agriculture and hydromorphological pressures. In the same time, only 10 % of the supplementary measures for hydromorphology and diffuse pollution sources had been completed by 2012 (75 % were ongoing and 15 % had not yet started) (EC, 2015[3]).
By now, many of the several thousand individual measures in the first RBMPs will have been completed (to be updated based on EC, 2018). However, some measures have been delayed or even not started mainly due to funding constraints, while other measures have been difficult to implement.
In the following sections (6.2 Pollution and water quality; and 6.3 Hydromorphology and water abstractions), an overview of the main issues/pressures is provided (point sources, diffuse sources, chemicals, hydromorphology, and water abstractions), along with examples of key measures that have been implemented in recent years because of the first RBMPs.
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"The interim progress report of Member States on the PoM in 2012 indicated that in the majority of RBDs, basic measures would not be sufficient to tackle these key pressures and supplementary measures would need to be taken. Especially supplementary measures have been reported as necessary to tackle the main pressures on EU water bodies, namely diffuse pollution from agriculture and hydromorphological pressures. In the same time, only 10 % of the supplementary measures for hydromorphology and diffuse pollution sources."
According to the argument above, the 2 action fields morphology and diffuse pollution control should be switched.
The proposal to achieve the objectives of the WFD are much oriented towards natural-resources ingeneering. We suggest to : 1) Underline the synergy between environmental policy and sectorial policies, mainly agriculture for diffuse pollutions. 2) Underline the necessity of a long time period to observe an improvement of the state of the aquatic milieu, after enhancing ecological restauration or fighting against diffuse pollutions. 3) Recall the significant role of wetlands for biodiversity, for filtrating the pollutions or for buffering the high river flows (and supporting low flows with a progressive restitution of stored water).