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Measures for improved wastewater treatment
Over the past few decades, clear progress has been made in reducing emissions into surface waters. Implementation of the Urban Waste Water Treatment Directive (91/271/ EEC), together with national legislation, has led to improvements in wastewater treatment across much of the European continent[6], [7]. These positive trends are due to increased connection to sewers, improvements in wastewater treatment and reduction of substances at source such as lowering the phosphate content in detergents. Table 6.1 illustrates some examples of point source measures implemented during the past years.
Table 6.1: Examples of measures on reducing point source discharges
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Measures |
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Danube iRBD
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Sewer systems and urban waste water treatment plants have been constructed, upgraded or extended at almost 900 agglomerations (2009-2015 - ICPDR 2015) |
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Bucharest, Romania |
After start of UWWTP operation in 2011, concentrations of organic and nutrient pollution indicators have significantly decreased (2011-2015 – EEA 2016) |
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St. Petersburg, Russia
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After start of UWWTP operation in St. Petersburg in 2005, inputs of nutrients in the Eastern Gulf of Finland significantly decreased; also, several UWWTP enhanced in Poland and Latvia in recent years |
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Germany |
Total phosphorus discharges have decreased by ca. 70% from 1983 until 2014 (UBA 2018). |
Sources: ICPDR 2015; http://www.icpdr.org/main/activities-projects/river-basin-management-plan-update-2015
EEA 2016: Rivers and lakes in European cities. EEA Report No 26/2016. https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/rivers-and-lakes-in-cities.
HELCOM: St. Petersburg http://www.portofhelsinki.fi/en/emagazine/baltic-sea-recovering
UBA 2018: Einträge von Nähr- und Schadstoffen in die Oberflächengewässer. https://www.umweltbundesamt.de/daten/wasser/fliessgewaesser/eintraege-von-naehr-schadstoffen-in-die#textpart-1
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