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Optimal management of floodplains requires strategies that aim at reducing economic losses and threats to human lives due to floods, while at the same time protecting the natural resources and functioning of floodplains.

The practical implementation of the Water Framework, Floods, Habitats and Birds Directives takes place through implementation of management plans. Whereas River Basin and Flood Risk Management Plans operate on the scale of river basin districts (180 river basin districts have been designated across Europe), the Habitat and Birds Directives operate with management plans for each Natura2000 site (more than 27 000 sites, covering 18% of Europe’s territory (EEA, 2019c)).