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Hazardous substances are defined as toxic, persistent, and liable to bio-accumulate (Article 2, WFD). Some of the priority substances listed in Annex X of the WFD are defined as hazardous, for which all discharges, emissions and losses must be ceased within 20 years after adoption of cessation proposals by the European Parliament and the Council (WFD, Art. 16 (6)). Those substances are for example 4-Nonylphenol (surfactant) or pBDEs (flame retardants) used in many industrial productions.  Beside the risk of hazardous substances, emerging pollutants are present in low concentrations and include inter alia pharmaceuticals and personal care products, chemical degradation products, or endocrine‑disrupting compounds.