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Even though water quality has improved over the last decades, pollution from diffuse sources in particular agriculture still remains a severe water management problem in Europe and a major cause for failing good ecological and chemical status of surface waters and groundwater under the WFD. To protect water ecosystems, there will be a need to strengthen the implementation of agricultural measures (both basic and supplementary) and a need for further efforts to adapt measures to regional pressures (EC 2019e). Specific implementation challenges also remain in addressing water quality issues in 'hotspots' with high nutrient loads as a result of farming, via better coordination of national/regional sectoral administrations (e.g. agriculture, water), and balanced fertilizers application (EC, 2017b). Simultaneously, adaption of financing instruments is necessary within the reform of the CAP. Still, basic measures need to be more strictly implemented to fully comply with the Nitrates Directive (EEA 2018b,  2019b).