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A large number of barriers are reported in the RBMPs to be used for hydropower (dams for hydropower production), flood protection and irrigation (water storage reservoirs). However, for a large share of water bodies affected by barriers (ca. 40 %), the uses which the barriers serve are unclear, either being unknown or not explicitly reported or obsolete. Indeed, many barriers on European rivers originated in the 10th to 19th centuries to operate mills and a high proportion of these are by now redundant. It is estimated that alone in France, Spain, Poland and the UK, there are up to 30 000 mainly small dams which are now obsolete (Gough et al., 2018). In addition, there are many weirs without a practical use.

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