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Measures and management challenges

In several countries, measures are being implemented to mitigate the impacts of hydropower plants on water bodies. The main measures are targeting upstream fish migration (especially fishways), downstream fish migration (e.g. fish guidance systems and bypasses, fish-friendly turbines), habitat restoration, sediment management as well as the implementation of ecological flows.

Most EU countries have relevant legislation in place to ensure minimum ecological flows and upstream continuity via fishways at hydropower plants. Legislative requirements though are largely missing to address other types of hydropower impacts, such as on downstream fish migration, sediment transport and hydropeaking because of still open questions that need to be addressed by research (Kampa et al., 2011).