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Measures and management challenges

Water stress is caused when demand is relatively high and abstractions take up a significant share of annually renewable freshwater resources or even exceed annual water capacity with withdrawals from non-renewable reserves. In this sense, water scarcity and stress is a complex phenomenon which entails multiple causes that are often interconnected. Thus, an integrated water management approach appears most suited to attain the European and Sustainable Development Goals for water. This includes coherent and consistent policy instruments, education, economic tools, structural interventions where needed, and recourse to new technologies among others. At the moment, water scarcity and droughts policies are mostly legislated and implemented at national level. Several measures are used to address the adverse impacts of water abstractions and water scarcity. These can be roughly divided into demand-side and supply-side measures.

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