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Measures and management challenges

A broad range of management and technical measures exist to tackle the adverse impacts of aquaculture on European waters. At national and regional level, an important regulatory instrument is to set limits to production levels as this can mitigate negative impacts of aquaculture on the water environment (European Commission, 2016). Denmark, for example, decided in 2019 to stop the creation of new aquaculture facilities and the expansion of existing ones in the country. This is because coastal areas and inland waters are overloaded with nitrogen and mitigation measures have not been enough in tackling the issue. In Denmark, there is also government financing to support the removal of weirs on rivers built for use in fish farming facilities.[1]

[1] https://salmonbusiness.com/no-more-fish-farms-announces-danish-government/ & https://www.european-views.com/2019/08/denmark-to-halt-development-of-sea-fish-farming-sector/

Improving the siting of aquaculture operations is another management measure to reduce adverse impacts. The Norwegian Aquaculture Act, for example, requires an environmental impact assessment for new aquaculture sites, and it calls on fish farms to be located in areas with better biological recipient conditions, high bearing capacity and generally good self-cleaning properties.[2] 

[2] FAO (2017)  Policy and governance in aquaculture: lessons learned and way forward, Fisheries and Aquaculture Technical Paper 577