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4.2 EU strategies, policy targets and management responses

Four main management challenges for European waters are the degradation of freshwater ecosystems, water abstraction and scarcity, and nutrient and chemical pollution. To address these management challenges, targets and goals are set in European strategies as part of the Green Deal and of other major EU policies previously adopted. The set EU targets and goals are linked to a number of management responses and measures, which are required by a broad set of EU environmental directives. These linkages are illustrated in  Figure 19.

 Figure 19          Overview of water management challenges, defined EU goals and targets as well as management responses addressing the challenges

Notes: HD=Habitats Directive, BD=Birds Directive, IAS=Invasive Alien Species, FD=Floods Directive, ND=Nitrates Directive, WFD=Water Framework Directive, BWD=Bathing Water Directive, UWWTD=Urban Waste Water Treatment Directive, DWD=Drinking Water Directive, PD=sustainable use of pesticides Directive, IED=Industrial Emissions Directive.