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The history of socio-economic development in the Eastern Partnership countries has had various impacts and consequences on water resources. Although the focus has shifted from intensive extraction of natural resources during the Soviet period in 20th century into a transition towards more sustainable development, there is a legacy of long-lasting heavy pollution of water resources and water scarcity due to the ageing infrastructure of water supplies and the disintegration of previous systems in line with the new political boundaries (UNECE, 2000b, 2011b, 2007b, 2016b, 2016c, 2014a). After the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, some large river basins became international river basins (Yildiz, 2017) with respect to the Eastern Partnership countries. Today, Dnieper basin is shared between Belarus and Ukraine; Dniester between Ukraine and Republic of Moldova; Aras between Armenia and Azerbaijan; and Kura is shared among Armenia, Georgia and Azerbaijan (Figure 1).

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