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The WEI in Armenia and Azerbaijan is ‘unsustainable’ and has resulted in severe water scarcity conditions. In fact, Armenia is not scarce in renewable water resources. Between 2000-2017 the annual renewable freshwater resource in the country was around 6 670 million m3, corresponding to 2 189 m3/per capita per year. However, due to poor water management practices (e.g. high water losses and leakages), it has been facing severe water stress conditions for a long time. The average annual WEI is above 40 %. The annual WEI in 2017 was even 61.4 %. That means that almost two thirds of all renewable freshwater resources in Armenia were abstracted to meet the country’s water demands. Despite the total population of Armenia decreasing around 8 % between 2000-2017, water demand has increased by 4.5 % over the same period. Ageing and inefficiency in water distribution system create tremendous pressure on the country’s water resources. As an example, 66 % of the total water supply was lost in 2000 due to leakage. During recent years, Armenia has been investing in improving the public water supply network, particularly to rural areas (World Bank, 2017), andater losses are slowly being reduced.

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