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7.2.3        Monitoring programs, data and information exchange among water agencies

Water monitoring systems are mostly implemented as a state service, divided into regional divisions in the areas of hydrometeorology (water quantity), geology (groundwater), hydrochemistry (water quality), hydrobiology (ecology) and public health (drinking water). All countries have monitoring programs on water resources and water use, however, the usability of that data in policy making needs further interpretation as the data is mostly collected and managed in a very fragmented manner among several governmental services and agencies. This often creates bottlenecks in compilation and organisation of water quantity data, for example, in developing water asset and flow accounts with the aim of identifying water availability and sectoral pressure on water resources (Globevnik et al., 2018).