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3.2.3.        Evapotranspiration

Evapotranspiration is closely related to the type of the land cover and the applied climate conditions (e.g. temperature, wind, humidity, solar radiation) over a specified area. The analysis of the underlying E-OBS data used for the European water accounts (EEA, 2019l; Zal et al., 2017; EEA, 2018b) shows that evapotranspiration is increasing across all regions of Europe for the period 1990-2017. Proportionately, the most significant increases were observed in northern, eastern and western Europe (between 9 and 27 %), whereas the increase was lower (4 %) in already water-stressed southern Europe. These trends show that transpiration from vegetation and evaporation from soil and water surfaces in Europe has increased significantly in the past decades. The increase of evapotranspiration is mainly attributed to the increase of the transpiration from vegetation, which can be further linked with the expansion of agricultural land since the 1980s and the observed increase in the land temperature across Europe (Zhang et al., 2016).

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