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In addition, urban sprawl has accelerated in coastal areas. However, the development of land and infrastructure at the coastal areas is vulnerable to climate change, e.g. the projected rise of the average sea level will increase the risks for coastal inundation and flooding from storm surges. Around 40 % of the European citizens currently live in coastal areas and a large share of the European tourism concentrates in the coastal areas and islands of Europe. In the past decades, there has been rapid land conversion for residential, touristic and recreational facilities and supporting transport infrastructure (e.g. highways, ports and harbours) (Map 4.2) (EEA, 2013b).