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Water leakages are a major concern, because they mean extra pressure on the water sources without actual benefit to the users, as well as wasted energy and resources for pumping and treating. Thus, they result in financial losses for the water providers and they may affect the affordability of the water services through higher billing. In major European cities, such as Athens, Paris, Istanbul or Madrid, drinking water may be tapped from very distant sources, which sometimes lie 100-200 km away (EEA, 2018a). The length, the operation and the maintenance of the pipes affects the level of leakages. It is estimated that the average leakage rate of the drinking water distribution networks across Europe is approximately 2 171 m³/km/year (or an equivalent of 23 % of all water distributed by EurEau members) (EurEau, 2017). A review of cases studies across Europe (EC, 2013b) also indicated that the physical losses of the drinking water distribution networks could range between 10 % and 72 % of the abstracted volume.