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Southern Europe is the most affected region (Map 5.1), with approximately 30 % of its population living in areas with permanent water stress and up to 70 % of its population living in areas with seasonal water stress during summers. On the one hand, this is a result of naturally occurring low water availability and aridity, which are embedded in the local climate. On the other hand, the water consumption by human activities, such as agriculture, electricity production and public water supply, is frequently significantly higher than the local renewable freshwater resources.