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  • Continued and intensified development of technologies for sectoral water demand measures and water savings, in domestic water use, agriculture, industry and electricity production. This can be considered a no-regret option. In the longer term it will become necessary in most parts of the EU, and in the short term it offers environmental gains.
  • Intensified development of nexus approaches, capitalizing on synergies between economic sectors, and including nature-based solutions.
  • Continued and intensified pursuit of additional means of water supply in areas with coastal tourism, high-value agricultural and horticultural areas near coasts, and urbanised areas. In this context, interbasin water transfers are considered a last resort because of their severe environmental impacts. Efforts must be aimed at keeping this measure restricted to the genuine necessities and where possible, combine them with nature-based solutions.
  • Systemic change aimed at the root causes of overexploitation of natural resources, in a much broader transformation than in water management alone, following one of the conclusions of IPBES (IPBES, 2019): Goals for conserving and sustainably using nature and achieving sustainability cannot be met by current trajectories, and goals for 2030 and beyond may only be achieved through transformative changes (fundamental, system-wide reorganizations across technological, economic and social factors, including paradigms, goals and values) across economic, social, political and technological factors.

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