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4.2. Extreme weather and other events: unpredicted impacts on water quality
The causes of short-term pollution events are usually weather events such as excessive precipitation and subsequent surface runoff, as well as waste water overflow, when a mixture of surface water and foul sewage is discharged to the environment via combined sewer flows (CSO) (EEA, 2018). Concrete pipes, sewers and particularly paved surfaces make it difficult for storm water to be absorbed where it falls (EEA, 2015c). It is also evident that concrete systems in cities are not always able to drain all storm water through the sewage systems and therefore they might be the real cause of urban flooding. For this reason, they need to be addressed with integrative urban management including forecasting pollution in correlation with other factors, managing pollution when it is detected, and assessing the overall risk of such events.
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When each member state has its own limit values for short-term pollutions, it becomes difficult to comply with the directive in order to be predictable.
Since we are not specifically mentioning the BWD reference to STPs or how it can be "detected", we will not mention the issue in the text, but it should certainly be discussed in the process of revision of the BWD.