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We’re talking about resistance when a system can withstand a pressure until a threshold is exceeded and a tipping point is reached after which recovery isn’t possible any longer. When a system can recover it can recuperate from the impact in a reasonable time. With creativity the current level of functioning can be disturbed (and temporarily be lower) but in the end being higher than before/without the pressure.

The concept of vulnerability subsumes in the best way how water management, in particular in the areas of floods and droughts, is influenced on the one hand by climate change, on the other hand by human and economic activities like regional and land use planning, demographic developments and economic constraints. Sustainable water management has to relate to both, the economic drives of water use and management in the different sectors (agriculture, industries, energy, utilities) as well as the functioning of aquatic ecosystems that needs to be is preserved to further provide the goods and services needed.

Water resource management and the integration of land use planning into the planning processes related to water management are most vital to achieve the objectives under the WFD and to further implement sustainable water management in a wider perspective. The most important tools here are River Basin- , Flood Risk- and Drought Risk Management Plans.