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Modern-day agricultural practices often entail the high use of fertilisers and manure, leading to high nutrient surpluses that are transferred to water bodies through various processes. Here, excess nutrient affects the chemical status of water bodies and leads to eutrophication and changes in the ecological status. Important related environmental consequences include loss of plant and animal species, phytoplankton blooms and increased growth of macrophytes, with by-effects on the affected water bodies such as oxygen depletion, introduction of toxins or other compounds produced by the plants, reduced transparency and fish kills. Also, excess nutrient levels have negative impacts on the use of water for human consumption. Despite improvements in some regions, pollution from agriculture remains a major pressure on Europe's surface waters and groundwater.