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Nutrient application to agricultural land mainly result from artificial, mineral fertilizers and manure from livestock production, but also other sources such as biological fixation and atmospheric deposition are relevant.  In Europe, mineral fertilisers account for almost half of all nitrogen input into agricultural soils, while manure adds a further 40 % Today, the highest total fertiliser nutrient application rates — mineral and organic combined — generally, although not exclusively, occur in Western Europe. Ireland, England and Wales, the Netherlands, Belgium, Denmark, Luxembourg, north-western and southern Germany, the Brittany region of France and the Po valley in Italy all have high nutrient inputs (Grizzetti et al., 2007; Bouraoui et al., 2009). Inputs of nutrients to agricultural land across Europe are generally in excess of what is required by crops and grassland, resulting in nutrient surpluses (Grizzetti et al., 2007). The magnitude of these surpluses reflects the potential for detrimental impacts on the environment.