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Millions of European citizens are threatened by flooding events from rivers, estuaries and the sea. Over the past ten years Europe has suffered more than 175 major floods, causing deaths, the displacement of people and significant economic losses. Although many flood defense measures were implemented in the European river basins and coastlines during the last century, the ongoing urban developments and changes in land use, as well as the social and economic development have increased the potential for flood damages. This significant increase of the flood risk is furthermore due to climate change and extreme weather events e.g. heavy rainfalls.