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Hydromorphological alterations of Irish estuaries

Source: Hartnett et al. 2011

Estuaries in Ireland, as elsewhere, have long been subject to the consequences of the full range of human activities. These include reclamation of saltmarsh and mudflat, modifications (e.g. canalisation, dredging) for shipping and transport along with the discharges and dumping from such, extraction of renewable natural resources such as fisheries, and of course the discharge of domestic and industrial wastes. All these changes have impacted on the functioning of estuarine system. The estuaries along the east coast of Ireland show the greatest morphological modification.