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Based on the work of Adger (2000) the variable components that define the resilience concept are illustrated in figure 3.4. Early definitions employed the measure of resistance to denote the degree of disruption the system can tolerate before a significant change past a threshold takes place. The inclusion of the social-ecological interactions incorporates societies potential response when exposed to a hazard - recovery indicates the preservation and restoration of fundamental structures and functions, while creativity is the ability of resilient communities to improve their capacity for response. A resilient system can also return to a state of higher functioning that is less vulnerable, and this is a function of the creativity or adaptive capacity of the system.

Figure 3.4 The components of resilience

Source: FREEMAN project / Uyttendaele et al. 2011; CRUE, Thieken, and Beurton 2012