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2.1         Floods in Europe

Across Europe and throughout the ages floods have affected human health ([1]), the environment, cultural heritage and economic activities. The United Kingdom and Ireland floods from April 2012 onwards were caused by a series of weather events that lasted on through the winter of 2013. Central Europe was hit by extreme floods in May and June 2013 affecting both Elbe and Danube catchments. On many locations, these floods caused the highest water levels and/or discharges ever recorded (BfG 2013; Gierk, 2013; ICPDR 2014). Although the damage was still significant, the measures taken e.g. in Austria after the 2002 floods proved to be highly effective (Neuhold, 2013).

In May 2014, a low-pressure cyclone affected a large area of southeast and central Europe, causing floods and landslides, e.g. along the Sava river. Serbia and Bosnia and Herzegovina suffered the greatest damage. In Serbia only already over 50 fatalities were counted, roughly 32 000 people were evacuated, and over 1.5 million people were affected (Pavlović, 2014).