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Given the importance of natural water retention measures (NWRMs) and flood protection measures that work with natural processes, the Birds and Habitats Directives (EU 1992, 2010) are looked at in more detail as well. Notwithstanding the links in content and process between the FD, WFD and BHDs, there are also big differences between them. Where the Water Framework Directive and Birds and Habitat Directives are mainly environment related legislation (although with some overlaps to the economic and social issues), an essential element of the Floods Directive is its combination of environmental, economic and social issues (Evers, and Nyberg, 2013): human health, the environment, cultural heritage and economic activities are the four impact categories the EU Member States have to report on.

At the same time this indicates this report limits itself mainly to the environmental aspects related to floods and flood protection measures. Economic, health and cultural impacts will not be dealt with in detail, although they are necessary to come to an integrated (flood) risk management.