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The synergies between different types of measures, even between different types of infrastructural measures are often overlooked and concepts like working with natural processes or natural water retention measures need to be in the core toolkit of every flood risk manager.

The flood risk manager (and water manager) cannot do this alone, as a wide variety of EU policies are influencing the intersections between flood risk management, flood vulnerability and environmental impacts in a significant way (see chapter 4). These are not only environmental policies, like the WFD and BHDs, but also policies on agriculture or pollution. While there are many examples of improved environmental quality in Europe’s environment (EEA 2015e) including Europe’s waters (EEA 2015a), there is still room for improvement by better implementation of policies and public participation with active involvement rather than only information supply or consultation. For the later one, many good examples can be found to learn from (EEA 2014e) although in general, there is a lack of data really tailored to purpose (see also subsection 4.2.4 on Governance).