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Land use changes from natural, mainly forested, vegetation into agriculture, housing development and industries turn irregular but rather frequent inundations into undesired phenomena because of the economic damage caused. When at the same time the water level is regulated for navigation or hydropower and areas are protected by hard flood protection measures, the remaining active floodplains are inundated with higher water levels. Nevertheless, remaining floodplains are biodiversity hotspots and play a key role in sustainable flood risk management as these are the locations where NWRMs can be implemented most efficient and effective.