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The uncertainties about their effectiveness, especially during extreme flood events, and the variety of beneficiaries make it hard to make the step from ‘in principle agreeing’ on NWRMs towards their implementation. Examples of good practice and successful projects can be shared but one of the characteristics is their context dependency making any case different. Stakeholder involvement however is a key for all of them. Where working with nature is impossible due to the socio-economic values to be preserved, the alternative must not always be the classical hard engineering infrastructure. By ‘greening the grey’ and making a network of green infrastructures the necessary protection levels are combined with a minimum loss of habitat and preserving the remaining ESs to the extent possible.