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Notwithstanding the different context in countries, the discussion on sustainable flood risk management seems, judging from the evidence presented in this report, to converge on the ambition to apply the following principles underlying the choice of measures:

• Consider cost-effective investments as part of a system at appropriate scale(s) (OECD 2015);

• Go beyond the economic benefits and include environmental and societal benefits in the assessment of (programmes of) measures (EU 2007, Art. 7 §3);

• Use the framework of Ecosystem Services to identify societal costs and benefits of measures (COWI 2014);

• Use the principles of nature-based solutions to identify infrastructural measures in order to serve multiple purposes;

• Use Green Infrastructure and Natural Water Retention Measures where possible, but combine them with more traditional types of measures where needed;

• Minimise investment needs; this supports  the adaptive capacity of water managers and reduces the chances of lock-in situations  (OECD 2015);

• Avoid building unnecessary future liabilities, apply adaptive management approaches where feasible;

• Identify the weakest links. This may for instance imply that before technical measures are designed in great detail, efforts should be directed towards improving governance arrangements.