While there has been significant effort put into understanding transmission of AMR in the health and food sectors, understanding the role the environment may play is at an early stage, in part due to the complexity of the environment. Major opportunities for transmission to humans result from discharges from urban waste water treatment plants (UWWTPs) and from the use of antibiotics in agriculture for veterinary and biocidal use. This meeting focused on urban waste water treatment, as the “simple case” where we have known point sources.
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Opportunities for transmission to humans result from discharges from urban waste water treatment plants (UWWTPs) and from other sources that serve as habitat for antibiotic resistant bacteria, such as livestock or antibiotic production facilities.