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Collection and sewerage systems are built to deal with a maximum capacity. Heavy rainfall can exceed the capacity in systems combining both household and surface drainage, so “storm water overflows” enable the excess, untreated effluent to be directed to rivers etc., bypassing sewage treatment.
Application of sewage sludge to land is an important destination for large quantities of organic material, acting as a fertiliser and improving soil condition. In this way, it contributes to a circular economy, but may represent another way for AMR to be spread into the environment.
Urban waste water treatment significantly reduces the numbers of bacteria in sewage. This reduction is most important in limiting the numbers of resistant bacteria. While secondary treatment reduces the bacterial load, further intensive treatment such as disinfection using UV oxidation or chlorination is needed for significant destruction of microorganisms.
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"significantly reduce..." Is that the best expression - in relation to resistant bacteria?
Better "... may reduce..."
Urban waste water treatment significantly reduces the density (per volume) of bacteria in sewage. This reduction is most important in limiting the abundance of resistant bacteria. While secondary treatment reduces the bacterial load, further disinfcetion treatment through processes such as UV radiataion, ozonation or chlorination, may be of added-value for reducing the bacterial load in the effluentes discharged into the environment.