Post a comment on the text below

Structural changes: Rapid urbanisation and industrial growth have introduced additional types of stress to urban rivers and lakes, in the form of modifications to their morphology and hydrology (e.g. via river channelization and straightening). This has taken space away from the river to serve flood protection and the creation of living space for growing towns. This report describes the response of cities and towns to impacts of physical modifications and distinguishes between activities that aim at a) hydromorphological restoration mainly of rivers and streams of medium/small size, b) activities of de-culverting covered streams and rivers and c) restoration of urban water bodies with strong links to flood risk management. In practice, all these types of activities are strongly interconnected and often take place simultaneously in the context of the same restoration scheme.