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Box 3.6 Tributyltin (TBT) causing pollution of harbours and leisure navigation areas: Example from Sweden
Despite restrictions, polluted sediments continue to impact on water quality
Shipyards where TBT was used in antifouling coatings for boats led to build-up of TBT in water and sediments over time. One example is the archipelago around Gothenburg and rivers and lakes in the river basin Västerhavet (map 2.2). In the river basin 13 water bodies do not reach the good status due to the exceedance of the TBT EQS. The restriction of TBT-based antifouling coatings stopped the increase of the TBT concentrations in water. But release of TBT from the sediment occurs when sediment is transported in rivers or is dredged to allow access to ports and harbours Vattenmyndigheterna i samverkan. "Del 2, Vattenförvalting 2009-2015 - Resultat Och Samverkan." Länsstyrelsen Västra Götalands län .
Source: http://www.vattenmyndigheterna.se/Sv/publikationer/Pages/default.aspx
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DE-UBA:
The link under Boc 3.6 (map) does not work properly
DE-UBA IV 1.2:
'Nevertheless, there are still exceedances of the EQS, which may relate to both historic contamination and to uses other than for antifouling.'
Recent publication showed that tin, a proxy for the occurrence of organotin compounds, can still be found in considerable concentrations on boat hulls around the baltic sea. Measurements have been conducted at 3 sites in DK, FI, and DE where tin has been detected on 42, 24, and 23% of the (leisure) boats. Most likely, the tin originates from old antifouling paint which have be overpainted during the last years. Eklund (2008) concluded, that (Tributyl)tin is still being released to the environment from pleasure boats due boats cleaning activities. Therefore, regulation or management of old antifouling layers is an important task concerning the contamination of waterbodies with organotin compounds.
DE-UBA IV 1.2:
'Non-toxic ways to prevent biofouling would have many applications. Finding them would deliver both increased sustainability and market advantage.'
This subparagraph is out-of-date. In substitution of organotin compounds, several biocidal active substances have been developed and established. The majority is based on copper or copper compounds. However, also copper gives reasons for concern regarding its impact on environmental quality and status. See also the previous comments on the share of copper based antifouling paints on the total copper emission in Germany.
For leisure boats, probably being the most important emitted of antifouling agents in inland waters, several non-chemical or non-biocidal alternatives have been established within the last decade. Despite, due to the low fouling pressure in freshwater, a waiver of biocidal antifouling paints seem realistic here.
DE-UBA:
In the box it is referred to map 2.2 which should be map 3.3 instead.