Overall, the second RBMPs show limited change in all four measures of status[1], as most of the water bodies had the same status within both cycles. However, fewer water bodies with unknown status increased both the proportion with good status and the proportion with less good status. The analysis of the second RBMPs shows that there has been progress in the status of single quality elements and single pollutants.
There are several possible explanations for the limited improvement in groundwater and surface water status[2] from the first to the second RBMPs:
In the next Section 3, the key pressures and their drivers on European water bodies are illustrated in more detail for a number of selected European key water management challenges. These include summaries of key measures available to tackle these and reference to key management challenges of EU-wide relevance (ongoing challenges and new challenges ahead).
[1] Surface water ecological and chemical status and groundwater chemical and quantitative status.
[2] 'Groundwater status' is the general expression of the status of a body of groundwater, determined by the poorer of its quantitative and chemical status; 'surface water status' is the general expression of the status of a body of surface water, determined by the poorer of its ecological and chemical status.