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Although the volumetric pressure on renewable freshwater resources has started to decline (Section 5.1), significant improvements are not yet visible in the quantitative status of water bodies, partly because recovery can be a slow environmental process, and also because climate change and socio-economic development can offset volumetric gains and aggravate local pressures. High attention is needed, when implementing water efficiency measures, to avoid adverse impacts from rebound effects. There are signs that past efficiency gains in specific European river basins have already been offset, due to expansion of irrigated land and more intensive use by other sectors.