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The pesticide pollution from agricultural activities of surface waters or groundwater may have different sources: a) Diffuse losses, e.g. spray drift due to pesticide application, b) point sources from waste water treatment plants (run-off from farmyards connected to sewer systems), c) surface run-off from farmyards during cleaning of application techniques, and d) leaching to field drains or to shallow groundwater (Sandin, 2017; Aktar, et al., 2009). In addition to agricultural activities, other relevant sources for pesticides include forestry, municipial use (e.g. on roadside), grasslands (e.g. golf courses) and uses in gardens. Once pesticides reach streams, they can be widely dispersed into other streams, rivers, lakes, reservoirs, and oceans (USGS, 1997).

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  • Angelo Maggiore (invited by Caroline Whalley) 06 Feb 2020 17:58:44

    This paragraph seems to infer that points c and d do not belong to either diffuse or point sources, but in fact they do. In general, entry routes are either point sources, or diffused (nonpoint-source) ones which are due to transport processes such as soil surface runoff, drainage, preferential flow, leaching, atmospheric deposition and spray drift.

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